Peter Kuma
Science and Software

Article

Constraining the Surface Flux of Sea Spray Particles from the Southern Ocean

S. Hartery1, D. Toohey2, L. Revell1, K. Sellegri3, P. Kuma1, M. Harvey4, A. J. McDonald1

1School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
2Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
3Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), CNRS/UCA, Aubiére, France
4National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand

Abstract

Modeling the shortwave radiation balance over the Southern Ocean region remains a challenge for Earth system models. To investigate whether this is related to the representation of aerosol-cloud interactions, we compared measurements of the total number concentration of sea spray-generated particles within the Southern Ocean region to model predictions thereof. Measurements were conducted from a container laboratory aboard the R/V Tangaroa throughout an austral summer voyage to the Ross Sea. We used source-receptor modeling to calculate the sensitivity of our measurements to upwind surface fluxes. From this approach, we could constrain empirical parameterizations of sea spray surface flux based on surface wind speed and sea surface temperature. A newly tuned parameterization for the flux of sea spray particles based on the near-surface wind speed is presented. Comparisons to existing model parameterizations revealed that present model parameterizations led to overestimations of sea spray concentrations. In contrast to previous studies, we found that including sea surface temperature as an explanatory variable did not substantially improve model-measurement agreement. To test whether or not the parameterization may be applicable globally, we conducted a regression analysis using a database of in situ whitecap measurements. We found that the key fitting parameter within this regression agreed well with the parameterization of sea spray flux. Finally, we compared calculations from the best model of surface flux to boundary layer measurements collected onboard an aircraft throughout the Southern Ocean Clouds, Radiation, Aerosol Transport Experimental Study (SOCRATES), finding good agreement overall.

Journal:
Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
Volume:
125
Number:
4
Pages:
e2019JD032026
DOI:
10.1029/2019JD032026
Submitted:
27 July 2019
Accepted:
20 January 2020
Published:
24 January 2020
License:
Free access / proprietary
BibTeX: @article{hartery2020,
  journal={Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
  year={2020},
  volume={125},
  number={4},
  pages={e2019JD032026},
  doi={10.1029/2019JD032026},
  url={https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD032026},
  author={Hartery, S. and Toohey, D. and Revell, L. and Sellegri, K. and Kuma, P. and Harvey, M. and McDonald, A. J.},
  title={Constraining the Surface Flux of Sea Spray Particles from the Southern Ocean}
}