The Next Generation of Earth Modeling Systems (nextGEMS) project aimed to produce multi-decadal climate simulations, for the first time, with resolved kilometer-scale (km-scale) processes in the ocean, land, and atmosphere. In only three years, nextGEMS achieved this milestone with the two km-scale Earth system models, ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic model (ICON) and Integrated Forecasting System coupled to the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (IFS-FESOM). nextGEMS was based on three cornerstones: 1) developing km-scale Earth system models with small errors in the energy and water balance, 2) performing km-scale climate simulations with a throughput greater than one simulated year per day, and 3) facilitating new workflows for an efficient analysis of the large simulations with common data structures and output variables. These cornerstones shaped the timeline of nextGEMS, divided into four cycles. Each cycle marked the release of a new configuration of ICON and IFS-FESOM, which were evaluated at hackathons. The participants in hackathons included experts from climate science, software engineering, and high-performance computing, as well as users from the energy and agricultural sectors. The continuous efforts over the four cycles allowed us to produce 30-year simulations of ICON and IFS-FESOM, spanning the period 2020–2049 under the SSP3-7.0 scenario. The throughput was about 500 simulated days per day on the Levante supercomputer of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The simulations employed a horizontal grid of about 5 km resolution in the ocean and 10 km resolution in the atmosphere and land. Aside from this technical achievement, the simulations allowed us to gain new insights into the realism of ICON and IFS-FESOM. Beyond its timeframe, nextGEMS builds the foundation of the Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin developed in the Destination Earth initiative and paves the way for future European research on climate change.
nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling
Hans Segura1,
Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia2,
Philipp Weiss3,
Sebastian K. Müller4,
Thomas Rackow2,
Junhong Lee1,
Edgar Dolores-Tesillos5,
Imme Benedict6,
Matthias Aengenheyster2,
Razvan Aguridan2, 7,
…
Gabriele Arduini2,
Alexander J. Baker8,
Jiawei Bao9,
Swantje Bastin1,
Eulàlia Baulenas7,
Tobias Becker2,
Sebastian Beyer10,
Hendryk Bockelmann11,
Nils Brüggemann1,
Lukas Brunner12,
Suvarchal K. Cheedela10,
Sushant Das13,
Jasper Denissen2,
Ian Dragaud12,
Piotr Dziekan14,
Madeleine Ekblom15,
Jan Frederik Engels11,
Monika Esch1,
Richard Forbes2,
Claudia Frauen11,
Lilli Freischem3,
Diego García-Maroto16,
Philipp Geier2,
Paul Gierz10,
Álvaro González-Cervera16,
Katherine Grayson7,
Matthew Griffith2,
Oliver Gutjahr1,
Helmuth Haak1,
Ioan Hadade2,
Kerstin Haslehner17,
Shabeh ul Hasson18,
Jan Hegewald19,
Lukas Kluft1,
Aleksei Koldunov10,
Nikolay Koldunov10,
Tobias Kölling1,
Shunya Koseki20,
Sergey Kosukhin1,
Josh Kousal2,
Peter Kuma21,
Arjun U. Kumar1,
Rumeng Li22,
Nicolas Maury23,
Maximilian Meindl17,
Sebastian Milinski2,
Kristian Mogensen2,
Bimochan Niraula11,
Jakub Nowak14,
Divya Sri Praturi1,
Ulrike Proske24,
Dian Putrasahan1,
René Redler1,
David Santuy16,
Domokos Sármány2,
Reiner Schnur1,
Patrick Scholz10,
Dmitry Sidorenko10,
Dorian Spät17,
Birgit Sützl2,
Daisuke Takasuka25,
Adrian Tompkins26,
Alejandro Uribe21,
Mirco Valentini2,
Menno Veerman6,
Aiko Voigt17,
Sarah Warnau6, 27,
Fabian Wachsmann11,
Marta Wacławczyk14,
Nils Wedi2,
Karl-Hermann Wieners1,
Jonathan Wille28,
Marius Winkler1,
Yuting Wu1,
Florian Ziemen11,
Janos Zimmermann11,
Frida A.-M. Bender21,
Dragana Bojovic7,
Sandrine Bony23,
Simona Bordoni4,
Patrice Brehmer29,
Marcus Dengler30,
Emanuel Dutra31,
Saliou Faye32,
Erich Fischer28,
Chiel van Heerwaarden6,
Cathy Hohenegger1,
Heikki Järvinen15,
Markus Jochum33,
Thomas Jung10,
Johann H. Jungclaus1,
Noel S. Keenlyside20,
Daniel Klocke1,
Heike Konow1,
Martina Klose22,
Szymon Malinowski14,
Olivia Martius5,
Thorsten Mauritsen21,
Juan Pedro Mellado12,
Theresa Mieslinger1,
Elsa Mohino16,
Hanna Pawłowska14,
Karsten Peters-von Gehlen11,
Abdoulaye Sarré32,
Pajam Sobhani34,
Philip Stier3,
Lauri Tuppi15,
Pier Luigi Vidale8,
Irina Sandu2,
Bjorn Stevens1
1Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
11German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
2European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
3Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
4University of Trento, Trento, Italy
5Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
6Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
7Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
8National Centre for Atmospheric Science and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
9Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
10Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
…
12Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
13Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
14Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
15Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
16Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
17Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
18HAREME Lab, Earth and Society Research Hub (ESRAH), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
19Gauß-IT-Zentrum, Braunschweig University of Technology (GITZ), Braunschweig, Germany
20Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
21Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
22Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
23LMD/IPSL, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
24Hydrology and Environmental Hydraulics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
25Department of Geophysics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
26Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
27Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
28Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
29Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
30GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
31Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisbon, Portugal
32Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar, Senegal
33Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
34Latest Thinking GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
Abstract
- Note:
- in review in Geoscientific Model Development
- Archive:
- EGUsphere
- DOI:
- 10.5194/egusphere-2025-509
- Submitted:
- 03 February 2025
- License:
- Open access / Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)
BibTeX:
@article{segura2025,
year={2025},
note={in review in Geoscientific Model Development},
doi={10.5194/egusphere-2025-509},
url={https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-509},
author={Segura, Hans and Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Xabier and Weiss, Philipp and M{\"u}ller, Sebastian K. and Rackow, Thomas and Lee, Junhong and Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar and Benedict, Imme and Aengenheyster, Matthias and Aguridan, Razvan and Arduini, Gabriele and Baker, Alexander J. and Bao, Jiawei and Bastin, Swantje and Baulenas, Eul{\`a}lia and Becker, Tobias and Beyer, Sebastian and Bockelmann, Hendryk and Br{\"u}ggemann, Nils and Brunner, Lukas and Cheedela, Suvarchal K. and Das, Sushant and Denissen, Jasper and Dragaud, Ian and Dziekan, Piotr and Ekblom, Madeleine and Engels, Jan Frederik and Esch, Monika and Forbes, Richard and Frauen, Claudia and Freischem, Lilli and Garc{\'i}a-Maroto, Diego and Geier, Philipp and Gierz, Paul and Gonz{\'a}lez-Cervera, {\'A}lvaro and Grayson, Katherine and Griffith, Matthew and Gutjahr, Oliver and Haak, Helmuth and Hadade, Ioan and Haslehner, Kerstin and ul Hasson, Shabeh and Hegewald, Jan and Kluft, Lukas and Koldunov, Aleksei and Koldunov, Nikolay and K{\"o}lling, Tobias and Koseki, Shunya and Kosukhin, Sergey and Kousal, Josh and Kuma, Peter and Kumar, Arjun U. and Li, Rumeng and Maury, Nicolas and Meindl, Maximilian and Milinski, Sebastian and Mogensen, Kristian and Niraula, Bimochan and Nowak, Jakub and Praturi, Divya Sri and Proske, Ulrike and Putrasahan, Dian and Redler, Ren{\'e} and Santuy, David and S{\'a}rm{\'a}ny, Domokos and Schnur, Reiner and Scholz, Patrick and Sidorenko, Dmitry and Sp{\"a}t, Dorian and S{\"u}tzl, Birgit and Takasuka, Daisuke and Tompkins, Adrian and Uribe, Alejandro and Valentini, Mirco and Veerman, Menno and Voigt, Aiko and Warnau, Sarah and Wachsmann, Fabian and Wac{\l}awczyk, Marta and Wedi, Nils and Wieners, Karl-Hermann and Wille, Jonathan and Winkler, Marius and Wu, Yuting and Ziemen, Florian and Zimmermann, Janos and Bender, Frida A.-M. and Bojovic, Dragana and Bony, Sandrine and Bordoni, Simona and Brehmer, Patrice and Dengler, Marcus and Dutra, Emanuel and Faye, Saliou and Fischer, Erich and van Heerwaarden, Chiel and Hohenegger, Cathy and J{\"a}rvinen, Heikki and Jochum, Markus and Jung, Thomas and Jungclaus, Johann H. and Keenlyside, Noel S. and Klocke, Daniel and Konow, Heike and Klose, Martina and Malinowski, Szymon and Martius, Olivia and Mauritsen, Thorsten and Mellado, Juan Pedro and Mieslinger, Theresa and Mohino, Elsa and Paw{\l}owska, Hanna and Peters-von Gehlen, Karsten and Sarr{\'e}, Abdoulaye and Sobhani, Pajam and Stier, Philip and Tuppi, Lauri and Vidale, Pier Luigi and Sandu, Irina and Stevens, Bjorn},
title={nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling}
}
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