The Next Generation of Earth Modeling Systems (nextGEMS) project aimed to produce multi-decadal climate simulations, for the first time, with resolved kilometer-scale (km-scale) processes in the ocean, land, and atmosphere. In only three years, nextGEMS achieved this milestone with the two km-scale Earth system models, ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic model (ICON) and Integrated Forecasting System coupled to the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (IFS-FESOM). nextGEMS was based on three cornerstones: 1) developing km-scale Earth system models with small errors in the energy and water balance, 2) performing km-scale climate simulations with a throughput greater than one simulated year per day, and 3) facilitating new workflows for an efficient analysis of the large simulations with common data structures and output variables. These cornerstones shaped the timeline of nextGEMS, divided into four cycles. Each cycle marked the release of a new configuration of ICON and IFS-FESOM, which were evaluated at hackathons. The participants in hackathons included experts from climate science, software engineering, and high-performance computing, as well as users from the energy and agricultural sectors. The continuous efforts over the four cycles allowed us to produce 30-year simulations of ICON and IFS-FESOM, spanning the period 2020–2049 under the SSP3-7.0 scenario. The throughput was about 500 simulated days per day on the Levante supercomputer of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The simulations employed a horizontal grid of about 5 km resolution in the ocean and 10 km resolution in the atmosphere and land. Aside from this technical achievement, the simulations allowed us to gain new insights into the realism of ICON and IFS-FESOM. Beyond its timeframe, nextGEMS builds the foundation of the Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin developed in the Destination Earth initiative and paves the way for future European research on climate change.
nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling
Hans Segura1, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia2, Philipp Weiss3, Sebastian K. Müller4, Thomas Rackow5, Junhong Lee6, Edgar Dolores-Tesillos7, Imme Benedict8, Matthias Aengenheyster9, Razvan Aguridan1011, Gabriele Arduini12, Alexander J. Baker13, Jiawei Bao14, Swantje Bastin15, Eulàlia Baulenas16, Tobias Becker17, Sebastian Beyer18, Hendryk Bockelmann19, Nils Brüggemann20, Lukas Brunner21, Suvarchal K. Cheedela22, Sushant Das23, Jasper Denissen24, Ian Dragaud25, Piotr Dziekan26, Madeleine Ekblom27, Jan Frederik Engels28, Monika Esch29, Richard Forbes30, Claudia Frauen31, Lilli Freischem32, Diego García-Maroto33, Philipp Geier34, Paul Gierz35, Álvaro González-Cervera36, Katherine Grayson37, Matthew Griffith38, Oliver Gutjahr39, Helmuth Haak40, Ioan Hadade41, Kerstin Haslehner42, Shabeh ul Hasson43, Jan Hegewald44, Lukas Kluft45, Aleksei Koldunov46, Nikolay Koldunov47, Tobias Kölling48, Shunya Koseki49, Sergey Kosukhin50, Josh Kousal51, Peter Kuma52, Arjun U. Kumar53, Rumeng Li54, Nicolas Maury55, Maximilian Meindl56, Sebastian Milinski57, Kristian Mogensen58, Bimochan Niraula59, Jakub Nowak60, Divya Sri Praturi61, Ulrike Proske62, Dian Putrasahan63, René Redler64, David Santuy65, Domokos Sármány66, Reiner Schnur67, Patrick Scholz68, Dmitry Sidorenko69, Dorian Spät70, Birgit Sützl71, Daisuke Takasuka72, Adrian Tompkins73, Alejandro Uribe74, Mirco Valentini75, Menno Veerman76, Aiko Voigt77, Sarah Warnau7879, Fabian Wachsmann80, Marta Wacławczyk81, Nils Wedi82, Karl-Hermann Wieners83, Jonathan Wille84, Marius Winkler85, Yuting Wu86, Florian Ziemen87, Janos Zimmermann88, Frida A.-M. Bender89, Dragana Bojovic90, Sandrine Bony91, Simona Bordoni92, Patrice Brehmer93, Marcus Dengler94, Emanuel Dutra95, Saliou Faye96, Erich Fischer97, Chiel van Heerwaarden98, Cathy Hohenegger99, Heikki Järvinen100, Markus Jochum101, Thomas Jung102, Johann H. Jungclaus103, Noel S. Keenlyside104, Daniel Klocke105, Heike Konow106, Martina Klose107, Szymon Malinowski108, Olivia Martius109, Thorsten Mauritsen110, Juan Pedro Mellado111, Theresa Mieslinger112, Elsa Mohino113, Hanna Pawłowska114, Karsten Peters-von Gehlen115, Abdoulaye Sarré116, Pajam Sobhani117, Philip Stier118, Lauri Tuppi119, Pier Luigi Vidale120, Irina Sandu121, Bjorn Stevens122
1Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
2European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
3Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
4University of Trento, Trento, Italy
5European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
6Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
7Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
8Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
9European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
10European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
11Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
12European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
13National Centre for Atmospheric Science and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
14Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
15Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
16Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
17European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
18Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
19German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
20Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
21Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
22Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
23Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
24European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
25Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
26Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
27Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
28German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
29Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
30European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
31German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
32Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
33Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
34European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
35Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
36Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
37Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
38European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
39Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
40Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
41European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
42Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
43HAREME Lab, Earth and Society Research Hub (ESRAH), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
44Gauß-IT-Zentrum, Braunschweig University of Technology (GITZ), Braunschweig, Germany
45Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
46Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
47Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
48Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
49Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
50Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
51European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
52Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
53Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
54Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
55LMD/IPSL, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
56Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
57European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
58European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
59German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
60Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
61Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
62Hydrology and Environmental Hydraulics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
63Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
64Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
65Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
66European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
67Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
68Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
69Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
70Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
71European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
72Department of Geophysics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
73Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
74Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
75European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
76Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
77Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
78Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
79Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
80German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
81Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
82European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
83Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
84Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
85Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
86Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
87German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
88German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
89Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
90Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
91LMD/IPSL, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
92University of Trento, Trento, Italy
93Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
94GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
95Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisbon, Portugal
96Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar, Senegal
97Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
98Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
99Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
100Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
101Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
102Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
103Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
104Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
105Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
106Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
107Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
108Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
109Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
110Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
111Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
112Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
113Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
114Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
115German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
116Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar, Senegal
117Latest Thinking GmbH, Hamburg, Germany
118Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
119Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
120National Centre for Atmospheric Science and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
121European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
122Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Abstract
- Note:
- in review in Geoscientific Model Development
- Archive:
- EGUsphere
- DOI:
- 10.5194/egusphere-2025-509
- Submitted:
- 03 February 2025
- License:
- Open access / Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)
BibTeX:
@article{segura2025,
year={2025},
note={in review in Geoscientific Model Development},
doi={10.5194/egusphere-2025-509},
url={https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-509},
author={Segura, Hans and Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Xabier and Weiss, Philipp and M{\"u}ller, Sebastian K. and Rackow, Thomas and Lee, Junhong and Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar and Benedict, Imme and Aengenheyster, Matthias and Aguridan, Razvan and Arduini, Gabriele and Baker, Alexander J. and Bao, Jiawei and Bastin, Swantje and Baulenas, Eul{\`a}lia and Becker, Tobias and Beyer, Sebastian and Bockelmann, Hendryk and Br{\"u}ggemann, Nils and Brunner, Lukas and Cheedela, Suvarchal K. and Das, Sushant and Denissen, Jasper and Dragaud, Ian and Dziekan, Piotr and Ekblom, Madeleine and Engels, Jan Frederik and Esch, Monika and Forbes, Richard and Frauen, Claudia and Freischem, Lilli and Garc{\'i}a-Maroto, Diego and Geier, Philipp and Gierz, Paul and Gonz{\'a}lez-Carvera, {\'A}lvaro and Grayson, Katherine and Griffith, Matthew and Gutjahr, Oliver and Haak, Helmuth and Hadade, Ioan and Haslehner, Kerstin and ul Hasson, Shabeh and Hegewald, Jan and Kluft, Lukas and Koldunov, Aleksei and Koldunov, Nikolay and K{\"o}lling, Tobias and Koseki, Shunya and Kosukhin, Sergey and Kousal, Josh and Kuma, Peter and Kumar, Arjun U. and Li, Rumeng and Maury, Nicolas and Meindl, Maximilian and Milinski, Sebastian and Mogensen, Kristian and Niraula, Bimochan and Nowak, Jakub and Praturi, Divya Sri and Proske, Ulrike and Putrasahan, Dian and Redler, Ren{\'e} and Santuy, David and S{\'a}rm{\'a}ny, Domokos and Schnur, Reiner and Scholz, Patrick and Sidorenko, Dmitry and Sp{\"a}t, Dorian and S{\"u}tzl, Birgit and Takasuka, Daisuke and Tompkins, Adrian and Uribe, Alejandro and Valentini, Mirco and Veerman, Menno and Voigt, Aiko and Warnau, Sarah and Wachsmann, Fabian and Wac{\l}awczyk, Marta and Wedi, Nils and Wieners, Karl-Hermann and Wille, Jonathan and Winkler, Marius and Wu, Yuting and Ziemen, Florian and Zimmermann, Janos and Bender, Frida A.-M. and Bojovic, Dragana and Bony, Sandrine and Bordoni, Simona and Brehmer, Patrice and Dengler, Marcus and Dutra, Emanuel and Faye, Saliou and Fischer, Erich and van Heerwaarden, Chiel and Hohenegger, Cathy and J{\"a}rvinen, Heikki and Jochum, Markus and Jung, Thomas and Jungclaus, Johann H. and Keenlyside, Noel S. and Klocke, Daniel and Konow, Heike and Klose, Martina and Malinowski, Szymon and Martius, Olivia and Mauritsen, Thorsten and Mellado, Juan Pedro and Mieslinger, Theresa and Mohino, Elsa and Paw{\l}owska, Hanna and Peters-von Gehlen, Karsten and Sarr{\'e}, Abdoulaye and Sobhani, Pajam and Stier, Philip and Tuppi, Lauri and Vidale, Pier Luigi and Sandu, Irina and Stevens, Bjorn},
title={nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling}
}
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