nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling

Segura, Hans; Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Xabier; Weiss, Philipp; Müller, Sebastian K.; Rackow, Thomas; Lee, Junhong; Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar; Benedict, Imme; Aengenheyster, Matthias; Aguridan, Razvan; Arduini, Gabriele; Baker, Alexander J.; Bao, Jiawei; Bastin, Swantje; Baulenas, Eulàlia; Becker, Tobias; Beyer, Sebastian; Bockelmann, Hendryk; Brüggemann, Nils; Brunner, Lukas; Cheedela, Suvarchal K.; Das, Sushant; Denissen, Jasper; Dragaud, Ian; Dziekan, Piotr; Ekblom, Madeleine; Engels, Jan Frederik; Esch, Monika; Forbes, Richard; Frauen, Claudia; Freischem, Lilli; García-Maroto, Diego; Geier, Philipp; Gierz, Paul; González-Cervera, Álvaro; Grayson, Katherine; Griffith, Matthew; Gutjahr, Oliver; Haak, Helmuth; Hadade, Ioan; Haslehner, Kerstin; ul Hasson, Shabeh; Hegewald, Jan; Kluft, Lukas; Koldunov, Aleksei; Koldunov, Nikolay; Kölling, Tobias; Koseki, Shunya; Kosukhin, Sergey; Kousal, Josh; Kuma, Peter; Kumar, Arjun U.; Li, Rumeng; Maury, Nicolas; Meindl, Maximilian; Milinski, Sebastian; Mogensen, Kristian; Niraula, Bimochan; Nowak, Jakub; Praturi, Divya Sri; Proske, Ulrike; Putrasahan, Dian; Redler, René; Santuy, David; Sármány, Domokos; Schnur, Reiner; Scholz, Patrick; Sidorenko, Dmitry; Spät, Dorian; Sützl, Birgit; Takasuka, Daisuke; Tompkins, Adrian; Uribe, Alejandro; Valentini, Mirco; Veerman, Menno; Voigt, Aiko; Warnau, Sarah; Wachsmann, Fabian; Wacławczyk, Marta; Wedi, Nils; Wieners, Karl-Hermann; Wille, Jonathan; Winkler, Marius; Wu, Yuting; Ziemen, Florian; Zimmermann, Janos; Bender, Frida A.-M.; Bojovic, Dragana; Bony, Sandrine; Bordoni, Simona; Brehmer, Patrice; Dengler, Marcus; Dutra, Emanuel; Faye, Saliou; Fischer, Erich; van Heerwaarden, Chiel; Hohenegger, Cathy; Järvinen, Heikki; Jochum, Markus; Jung, Thomas; Jungclaus, Johann H.; Keenlyside, Noel S.; Klocke, Daniel; Konow, Heike; Klose, Martina; Malinowski, Szymon; Martius, Olivia; Mauritsen, Thorsten; Mellado, Juan Pedro; Mieslinger, Theresa; Mohino, Elsa; Pawłowska, Hanna; Peters-von Gehlen, Karsten; Sarré, Abdoulaye; Sobhani, Pajam; Stier, Philip; Tuppi, Lauri; Vidale, Pier Luigi; Sandu, Irina; Stevens, Bjorn

doi:10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025

Article

nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling

Hans Segura¹, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia², Philipp Weiss³, Sebastian K. Müller⁴, Thomas Rackow², Junhong Lee¹, Edgar Dolores-Tesillos⁵, Imme Benedict⁶, Matthias Aengenheyster², Razvan Aguridan^{2, 7}, …

Gabriele Arduini², Alexander J. Baker⁸, Jiawei Bao⁹, Swantje Bastin¹, Eulàlia Baulenas⁷, Tobias Becker², Sebastian Beyer¹⁰, Hendryk Bockelmann¹¹, Nils Brüggemann¹, Lukas Brunner¹², Suvarchal K. Cheedela¹⁰, Sushant Das¹³, Jasper Denissen², Ian Dragaud¹², Piotr Dziekan¹⁴, Madeleine Ekblom¹⁵, Jan Frederik Engels¹¹, Monika Esch¹, Richard Forbes², Claudia Frauen¹¹, Lilli Freischem³, Diego García-Maroto¹⁶, Philipp Geier², Paul Gierz¹⁰, Álvaro González-Cervera¹⁶, Katherine Grayson⁷, Matthew Griffith², Oliver Gutjahr¹, Helmuth Haak¹, Ioan Hadade², Kerstin Haslehner¹⁷, Shabeh ul Hasson¹⁸, Jan Hegewald¹⁹, Lukas Kluft¹, Aleksei Koldunov¹⁰, Nikolay Koldunov¹⁰, Tobias Kölling¹, Shunya Koseki²⁰, Sergey Kosukhin¹, Josh Kousal², Peter Kuma²¹, Arjun U. Kumar¹, Rumeng Li²², Nicolas Maury²³, Maximilian Meindl¹⁷, Sebastian Milinski², Kristian Mogensen², Bimochan Niraula¹¹, Jakub Nowak¹⁴, Divya Sri Praturi¹, Ulrike Proske²⁴, Dian Putrasahan¹, René Redler¹, David Santuy¹⁶, Domokos Sármány², Reiner Schnur¹, Patrick Scholz¹⁰, Dmitry Sidorenko¹⁰, Dorian Spät¹⁷, Birgit Sützl², Daisuke Takasuka²⁵, Adrian Tompkins²⁶, Alejandro Uribe²¹, Mirco Valentini², Menno Veerman⁶, Aiko Voigt¹⁷, Sarah Warnau^{6, 27}, Fabian Wachsmann¹¹, Marta Wacławczyk¹⁴, Nils Wedi², Karl-Hermann Wieners¹, Jonathan Wille²⁸, Marius Winkler¹, Yuting Wu¹, Florian Ziemen¹¹, Janos Zimmermann¹¹, Frida A.-M. Bender²¹, Dragana Bojovic⁷, Sandrine Bony²³, Simona Bordoni⁴, Patrice Brehmer²⁹, Marcus Dengler³⁰, Emanuel Dutra³¹, Saliou Faye³², Erich Fischer²⁸, Chiel van Heerwaarden⁶, Cathy Hohenegger¹, Heikki Järvinen¹⁵, Markus Jochum³³, Thomas Jung¹⁰, Johann H. Jungclaus¹, Noel S. Keenlyside²⁰, Daniel Klocke¹, Heike Konow¹, Martina Klose²², Szymon Malinowski¹⁴, Olivia Martius⁵, Thorsten Mauritsen²¹, Juan Pedro Mellado¹², Theresa Mieslinger¹, Elsa Mohino¹⁶, Hanna Pawłowska¹⁴, Karsten Peters-von Gehlen¹¹, Abdoulaye Sarré³², Pajam Sobhani³⁴, Philip Stier³, Lauri Tuppi¹⁵, Pier Luigi Vidale⁸, Irina Sandu², Bjorn Stevens¹

¹Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
²European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Bonn, Germany
³Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⁴University of Trento, Trento, Italy
⁵Institute of Geography, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
⁶Meteorology and Air Quality Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
⁷Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain
⁸National Centre for Atmospheric Science and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
⁹Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
¹⁰Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
…

¹¹German Climate Computing Center, Hamburg, Germany
¹²Department of Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
¹³Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India
¹⁴Institute of Geophysics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
¹⁵Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
¹⁶Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
¹⁷Department of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
¹⁸HAREME Lab, Earth and Society Research Hub (ESRAH), University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
¹⁹Gauß-IT-Zentrum, Braunschweig University of Technology (GITZ), Braunschweig, Germany
²⁰Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
²¹Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
²²Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
²³LMD/IPSL, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
²⁴Hydrology and Environmental Hydraulics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
²⁵Department of Geophysics, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
²⁶Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste, Italy
²⁷Wetsus, European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
²⁸Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
²⁹Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Dakar, Senegal
³⁰GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
³¹Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Lisbon, Portugal
³²Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles, Dakar, Senegal
³³Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
³⁴Latest Thinking GmbH, Hamburg, Germany

Article PDF

Abstract

The Next Generation of Earth Modeling Systems (nextGEMS) project aimed to produce multidecadal climate simulations, for the first time, with resolved kilometer-scale (km-scale) processes in the ocean, land, and atmosphere. In only 3 years, nextGEMS achieved this milestone with the two km-scale Earth system models, ICOsahedral Non-hydrostatic model (ICON) and Integrated Forecasting System coupled to the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (IFS-FESOM). nextGEMS was based on three cornerstones: (1) developing km-scale Earth system models with small errors in the energy and water balance, (2) performing km-scale climate simulations with a throughput greater than 1 simulated year per day, and (3) facilitating new workflows for an efficient analysis of the large simulations with common data structures and output variables. These cornerstones shaped the timeline of nextGEMS, divided into four cycles. Each cycle marked the release of a new configuration of ICON and IFS-FESOM, which were evaluated at hackathons. The hackathon participants included experts from climate science, software engineering, and high-performance computing as well as users from the energy and agricultural sectors. The continuous efforts over the four cycles allowed us to produce 30-year simulations with ICON and IFS-FESOM, spanning the period 2020–2049 under the SSP3-7.0 scenario. The throughput was about 500 simulated days per day on the Levante supercomputer of the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ). The simulations employed a horizontal grid of about 5 km resolution in the ocean and 10 km resolution in the atmosphere and land. Aside from this technical achievement, the simulations allowed us to gain new insights into the realism of ICON and IFS-FESOM. Beyond its time frame, nextGEMS builds the foundation of the Climate Change Adaptation Digital Twin developed in the Destination Earth initiative and paves the way for future European research on climate change.

Journal:: Geoscientific Model Development
Volume:: 18
Issue:: 20
Pages:: 7735–7761
DOI:: 10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025
Submitted:: 3 February 2025
Accepted:: 27 July 2025
Published:: 23 October 2025
License:: Open access / Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)

Cite as: APA Harvard Chicago AGU AMetSoc Copernicus BibTeX RIS CSL-JSON

Segura, H., Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, X., Weiss, P., Müller, S. K., Rackow, T., Lee, J., Dolores-Tesillos, E., Benedict, I., Aengenheyster, M., Aguridan, R., Arduini, G., Baker, A. J., Bao, J., Bastin, S., Baulenas, E., Becker, T., Beyer, S., Bockelmann, H., Brüggemann, N., … Stevens, B. (2025). nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling. Geoscientific Model Development, 18, 7735–7761. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025

Segura, H. et al. (2025) “nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling,” Geoscientific Model Development, 18, pp. 7735–7761. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025.

Segura, Hans, Xabier Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Philipp Weiss, et al. “NextGEMS: Entering the Era of Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling.” Geoscientific Model Development 18 (October 2025): 7735–61. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025.

Segura, H., Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, X., Weiss, P., Müller, S. K., Rackow, T., Lee, J., et al. (2025). nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling. Geoscientific Model Development, 18, 7735–7761. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025

Segura, H., and Coauthors, 2025: nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling. Geoscientific Model Development, 18, 7735–7761, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025.

Segura, H., Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, X., Weiss, P., Müller, S. K., Rackow, T., Lee, J., Dolores-Tesillos, E., Benedict, I., Aengenheyster, M., Aguridan, R., Arduini, G., Baker, A. J., Bao, J., Bastin, S., Baulenas, E., Becker, T., Beyer, S., Bockelmann, H., Brüggemann, N., Brunner, L., Cheedela, S. K., Das, S., Denissen, J., Dragaud, I., Dziekan, P., Ekblom, M., Engels, J. F., Esch, M., Forbes, R., Frauen, C., Freischem, L., García-Maroto, D., Geier, P., Gierz, P., González-Cervera, Á., Grayson, K., Griffith, M., Gutjahr, O., Haak, H., Hadade, I., Haslehner, K., ul Hasson, S., Hegewald, J., Kluft, L., Koldunov, A., Koldunov, N., Kölling, T., Koseki, S., Kosukhin, S., Kousal, J., Kuma, P., Kumar, A. U., Li, R., Maury, N., Meindl, M., Milinski, S., Mogensen, K., Niraula, B., Nowak, J., Praturi, D. S., Proske, U., Putrasahan, D., Redler, R., Santuy, D., Sármány, D., Schnur, R., Scholz, P., Sidorenko, D., Spät, D., Sützl, B., Takasuka, D., Tompkins, A., Uribe, A., Valentini, M., Veerman, M., Voigt, A., Warnau, S., Wachsmann, F., Wacławczyk, M., Wedi, N., Wieners, K.-H., Wille, J., Winkler, M., Wu, Y., Ziemen, F., Zimmermann, J., Bender, F. A.-M., Bojovic, D., Bony, S., Bordoni, S., Brehmer, P., Dengler, M., Dutra, E., Faye, S., Fischer, E., van Heerwaarden, C., Hohenegger, C., Järvinen, H., Jochum, M., et al.: nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling, Geoscientific Model Development, 18, 7735–7761, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025, 2025.


@article{segura2025,
  title = {nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling},
  year = {2025},
  journal = {Geoscientific Model Development},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {7735-7761},
  doi = {10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025},
  note = {},
  author = {Segura, Hans and Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Xabier and Weiss, Philipp and M\"{u}ller, Sebastian K. and Rackow, Thomas and Lee, Junhong and Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar and Benedict, Imme and Aengenheyster, Matthias and Aguridan, Razvan and Arduini, Gabriele and Baker, Alexander J. and Bao, Jiawei and Bastin, Swantje and Baulenas, Eul\`{a}lia and Becker, Tobias and Beyer, Sebastian and Bockelmann, Hendryk and Br\"{u}ggemann, Nils and Brunner, Lukas and Cheedela, Suvarchal K. and Das, Sushant and Denissen, Jasper and Dragaud, Ian and Dziekan, Piotr and Ekblom, Madeleine and Engels, Jan Frederik and Esch, Monika and Forbes, Richard and Frauen, Claudia and Freischem, Lilli and Garc\'{i}a-Maroto, Diego and Geier, Philipp and Gierz, Paul and Gonz\'{a}lez-Cervera, \'{A}lvaro and Grayson, Katherine and Griffith, Matthew and Gutjahr, Oliver and Haak, Helmuth and Hadade, Ioan and Haslehner, Kerstin and ul Hasson, Shabeh and Hegewald, Jan and Kluft, Lukas and Koldunov, Aleksei and Koldunov, Nikolay and K\"{o}lling, Tobias and Koseki, Shunya and Kosukhin, Sergey and Kousal, Josh and Kuma, Peter and Kumar, Arjun U. and Li, Rumeng and Maury, Nicolas and Meindl, Maximilian and Milinski, Sebastian and Mogensen, Kristian and Niraula, Bimochan and Nowak, Jakub and Praturi, Divya Sri and Proske, Ulrike and Putrasahan, Dian and Redler, Ren\'{e} and Santuy, David and S\'{a}rm\'{a}ny, Domokos and Schnur, Reiner and Scholz, Patrick and Sidorenko, Dmitry and Sp\"{a}t, Dorian and S\"{u}tzl, Birgit and Takasuka, Daisuke and Tompkins, Adrian and Uribe, Alejandro and Valentini, Mirco and Veerman, Menno and Voigt, Aiko and Warnau, Sarah and Wachsmann, Fabian and Wac\l{}awczyk, Marta and Wedi, Nils and Wieners, Karl-Hermann and Wille, Jonathan and Winkler, Marius and Wu, Yuting and Ziemen, Florian and Zimmermann, Janos and Bender, Frida A.-M. and Bojovic, Dragana and Bony, Sandrine and Bordoni, Simona and Brehmer, Patrice and Dengler, Marcus and Dutra, Emanuel and Faye, Saliou and Fischer, Erich and van Heerwaarden, Chiel and Hohenegger, Cathy and J\"{a}rvinen, Heikki and Jochum, Markus and Jung, Thomas and Jungclaus, Johann H. and Keenlyside, Noel S. and Klocke, Daniel and Konow, Heike and Klose, Martina and Malinowski, Szymon and Martius, Olivia and Mauritsen, Thorsten and Mellado, Juan Pedro and Mieslinger, Theresa and Mohino, Elsa and Paw\l{}owska, Hanna and Peters-von Gehlen, Karsten and Sarr\'{e}, Abdoulaye and Sobhani, Pajam and Stier, Philip and Tuppi, Lauri and Vidale, Pier Luigi and Sandu, Irina and Stevens, Bjorn}
}


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TY  - JOUR
AU  - Segura, Hans
AU  - Pedruzo-Bagazgoitia, Xabier
AU  - Weiss, Philipp
AU  - Müller, Sebastian K.
AU  - Rackow, Thomas
AU  - Lee, Junhong
AU  - Dolores-Tesillos, Edgar
AU  - Benedict, Imme
AU  - Aengenheyster, Matthias
AU  - Aguridan, Razvan
AU  - Arduini, Gabriele
AU  - Baker, Alexander J.
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AU  - Beyer, Sebastian
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AU  - Brüggemann, Nils
AU  - Brunner, Lukas
AU  - Cheedela, Suvarchal K.
AU  - Das, Sushant
AU  - Denissen, Jasper
AU  - Dragaud, Ian
AU  - Dziekan, Piotr
AU  - Ekblom, Madeleine
AU  - Engels, Jan Frederik
AU  - Esch, Monika
AU  - Forbes, Richard
AU  - Frauen, Claudia
AU  - Freischem, Lilli
AU  - García-Maroto, Diego
AU  - Geier, Philipp
AU  - Gierz, Paul
AU  - González-Cervera, Álvaro
AU  - Grayson, Katherine
AU  - Griffith, Matthew
AU  - Gutjahr, Oliver
AU  - Haak, Helmuth
AU  - Hadade, Ioan
AU  - Haslehner, Kerstin
AU  - ul Hasson, Shabeh
AU  - Hegewald, Jan
AU  - Kluft, Lukas
AU  - Koldunov, Aleksei
AU  - Koldunov, Nikolay
AU  - Kölling, Tobias
AU  - Koseki, Shunya
AU  - Kosukhin, Sergey
AU  - Kousal, Josh
AU  - Kuma, Peter
AU  - Kumar, Arjun U.
AU  - Li, Rumeng
AU  - Maury, Nicolas
AU  - Meindl, Maximilian
AU  - Milinski, Sebastian
AU  - Mogensen, Kristian
AU  - Niraula, Bimochan
AU  - Nowak, Jakub
AU  - Praturi, Divya Sri
AU  - Proske, Ulrike
AU  - Putrasahan, Dian
AU  - Redler, René
AU  - Santuy, David
AU  - Sármány, Domokos
AU  - Schnur, Reiner
AU  - Scholz, Patrick
AU  - Sidorenko, Dmitry
AU  - Spät, Dorian
AU  - Sützl, Birgit
AU  - Takasuka, Daisuke
AU  - Tompkins, Adrian
AU  - Uribe, Alejandro
AU  - Valentini, Mirco
AU  - Veerman, Menno
AU  - Voigt, Aiko
AU  - Warnau, Sarah
AU  - Wachsmann, Fabian
AU  - Wacławczyk, Marta
AU  - Wedi, Nils
AU  - Wieners, Karl-Hermann
AU  - Wille, Jonathan
AU  - Winkler, Marius
AU  - Wu, Yuting
AU  - Ziemen, Florian
AU  - Zimmermann, Janos
AU  - Bender, Frida A.-M.
AU  - Bojovic, Dragana
AU  - Bony, Sandrine
AU  - Bordoni, Simona
AU  - Brehmer, Patrice
AU  - Dengler, Marcus
AU  - Dutra, Emanuel
AU  - Faye, Saliou
AU  - Fischer, Erich
AU  - van Heerwaarden, Chiel
AU  - Hohenegger, Cathy
AU  - Järvinen, Heikki
AU  - Jochum, Markus
AU  - Jung, Thomas
AU  - Jungclaus, Johann H.
AU  - Keenlyside, Noel S.
AU  - Klocke, Daniel
AU  - Konow, Heike
AU  - Klose, Martina
AU  - Malinowski, Szymon
AU  - Martius, Olivia
AU  - Mauritsen, Thorsten
AU  - Mellado, Juan Pedro
AU  - Mieslinger, Theresa
AU  - Mohino, Elsa
AU  - Pawłowska, Hanna
AU  - Peters-von Gehlen, Karsten
AU  - Sarré, Abdoulaye
AU  - Sobhani, Pajam
AU  - Stier, Philip
AU  - Tuppi, Lauri
AU  - Vidale, Pier Luigi
AU  - Sandu, Irina
AU  - Stevens, Bjorn
PY  - 2025
DA  - 2025/10/23
TI  - nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling
JO  - Geoscientific Model Development
VL  - 18
SP  - 7735
EP  - 7761
DO  - 10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025
UR  - https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-7735-2025
ER  -


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    },
    {
      "family": "Hegewald",
      "given": "Jan"
    },
    {
      "family": "Kluft",
      "given": "Lukas"
    },
    {
      "family": "Koldunov",
      "given": "Aleksei"
    },
    {
      "family": "Koldunov",
      "given": "Nikolay"
    },
    {
      "family": "Kölling",
      "given": "Tobias"
    },
    {
      "family": "Koseki",
      "given": "Shunya"
    },
    {
      "family": "Kosukhin",
      "given": "Sergey"
    },
    {
      "family": "Kousal",
      "given": "Josh"
    },
    {
      "family": "Kuma",
      "given": "Peter"
    },
    {
      "family": "Kumar",
      "given": "Arjun U."
    },
    {
      "family": "Li",
      "given": "Rumeng"
    },
    {
      "family": "Maury",
      "given": "Nicolas"
    },
    {
      "family": "Meindl",
      "given": "Maximilian"
    },
    {
      "family": "Milinski",
      "given": "Sebastian"
    },
    {
      "family": "Mogensen",
      "given": "Kristian"
    },
    {
      "family": "Niraula",
      "given": "Bimochan"
    },
    {
      "family": "Nowak",
      "given": "Jakub"
    },
    {
      "family": "Praturi",
      "given": "Divya Sri"
    },
    {
      "family": "Proske",
      "given": "Ulrike"
    },
    {
      "family": "Putrasahan",
      "given": "Dian"
    },
    {
      "family": "Redler",
      "given": "René"
    },
    {
      "family": "Santuy",
      "given": "David"
    },
    {
      "family": "Sármány",
      "given": "Domokos"
    },
    {
      "family": "Schnur",
      "given": "Reiner"
    },
    {
      "family": "Scholz",
      "given": "Patrick"
    },
    {
      "family": "Sidorenko",
      "given": "Dmitry"
    },
    {
      "family": "Spät",
      "given": "Dorian"
    },
    {
      "family": "Sützl",
      "given": "Birgit"
    },
    {
      "family": "Takasuka",
      "given": "Daisuke"
    },
    {
      "family": "Tompkins",
      "given": "Adrian"
    },
    {
      "family": "Uribe",
      "given": "Alejandro"
    },
    {
      "family": "Valentini",
      "given": "Mirco"
    },
    {
      "family": "Veerman",
      "given": "Menno"
    },
    {
      "family": "Voigt",
      "given": "Aiko"
    },
    {
      "family": "Warnau",
      "given": "Sarah"
    },
    {
      "family": "Wachsmann",
      "given": "Fabian"
    },
    {
      "family": "Wacławczyk",
      "given": "Marta"
    },
    {
      "family": "Wedi",
      "given": "Nils"
    },
    {
      "family": "Wieners",
      "given": "Karl-Hermann"
    },
    {
      "family": "Wille",
      "given": "Jonathan"
    },
    {
      "family": "Winkler",
      "given": "Marius"
    },
    {
      "family": "Wu",
      "given": "Yuting"
    },
    {
      "family": "Ziemen",
      "given": "Florian"
    },
    {
      "family": "Zimmermann",
      "given": "Janos"
    },
    {
      "family": "Bender",
      "given": "Frida A.-M."
    },
    {
      "family": "Bojovic",
      "given": "Dragana"
    },
    {
      "family": "Bony",
      "given": "Sandrine"
    },
    {
      "family": "Bordoni",
      "given": "Simona"
    },
    {
      "family": "Brehmer",
      "given": "Patrice"
    },
    {
      "family": "Dengler",
      "given": "Marcus"
    },
    {
      "family": "Dutra",
      "given": "Emanuel"
    },
    {
      "family": "Faye",
      "given": "Saliou"
    },
    {
      "family": "Fischer",
      "given": "Erich"
    },
    {
      "family": "van Heerwaarden",
      "given": "Chiel"
    },
    {
      "family": "Hohenegger",
      "given": "Cathy"
    },
    {
      "family": "Järvinen",
      "given": "Heikki"
    },
    {
      "family": "Jochum",
      "given": "Markus"
    },
    {
      "family": "Jung",
      "given": "Thomas"
    },
    {
      "family": "Jungclaus",
      "given": "Johann H."
    },
    {
      "family": "Keenlyside",
      "given": "Noel S."
    },
    {
      "family": "Klocke",
      "given": "Daniel"
    },
    {
      "family": "Konow",
      "given": "Heike"
    },
    {
      "family": "Klose",
      "given": "Martina"
    },
    {
      "family": "Malinowski",
      "given": "Szymon"
    },
    {
      "family": "Martius",
      "given": "Olivia"
    },
    {
      "family": "Mauritsen",
      "given": "Thorsten"
    },
    {
      "family": "Mellado",
      "given": "Juan Pedro"
    },
    {
      "family": "Mieslinger",
      "given": "Theresa"
    },
    {
      "family": "Mohino",
      "given": "Elsa"
    },
    {
      "family": "Pawłowska",
      "given": "Hanna"
    },
    {
      "family": "Peters-von Gehlen",
      "given": "Karsten"
    },
    {
      "family": "Sarré",
      "given": "Abdoulaye"
    },
    {
      "family": "Sobhani",
      "given": "Pajam"
    },
    {
      "family": "Stier",
      "given": "Philip"
    },
    {
      "family": "Tuppi",
      "given": "Lauri"
    },
    {
      "family": "Vidale",
      "given": "Pier Luigi"
    },
    {
      "family": "Sandu",
      "given": "Irina"
    },
    {
      "family": "Stevens",
      "given": "Bjorn"
    }
  ]
}

Peter Kuma
Science and Software

nextGEMS: entering the era of kilometer-scale Earth system modeling

Abstract

Document